噴噴的血管肉瘤(1) -手術摘脾
諮詢之前,先把台大病理報告內容看了一遍又一遍,同時找了一些血管肉瘤的資料來讀。
當然並不是短時間就能把資料讀完,陸續近一年的時間都有在收集相關資料。
如果之後有時間的話會再整理分享。
書籍推薦Elsevier出版的《小動物臨床腫瘤學》
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010738286
中文版雖然2016.12才出,但原文版5th是2012就已出版,
因此,此書的資料無法涵蓋到近5年的新研究,這點比較可惜。
另一本《The Dog Cancer Survival Guide》我就不大推薦,
中文版《犬隻癌症生存指南》更是超級糟,不要浪費錢。(但好像也買不大到了)
噴的病理檢驗是送台大動物醫院做的,收費標準請參考此網頁
http://www.vm.ntu.edu.tw/CompPathol/id_10/index.html
噴的脾臟檢體費用$1600,染色診斷$1000,共$2600。
通常病理報告大約要等一週,但我也等過將近3週的狀況。
以下並非專業翻譯,還摻了些個人用語—特別是括弧內往往是我自己腦補的部分,僅供參考。
病史
- A hypoechoic spleen mass was noted in echo during health check, on 2016/4/2.
- The blood exam and chest X-ray are normal.
- Total splenectomy was performed.
- The imprint cytology revealed large N/C round cell and few mitotic cells.
在2016/4/2的健檢超音波當中注意到脾臟有一低回音的團塊。血檢與X光正常。
進行全脾摘除手術。(顯微鏡下)細胞學顯示大核質比的圓形細胞和少量有絲分裂細胞。
樣本
- Tissue(s) Submitted:Spleen
- Size of Sample(s):5 x 10 x 22 cm
- Color:Reddish with some white spot
- Tentative Clinical Diagnosis:Lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, hematoma
脾臟。大小為5x10x22公分。顏色為紅色帶一些白點。
初步臨床診斷可能是淋巴瘤、血管肉瘤、血腫。
檢體在肉眼下的檢查描述
The received specimen was a spleen with a bulged mass and
scattered small white to yellow nodules on the surface.
The cut sections of the mass showed a generally dark red tissue with scattered white foci.
Representative samples were taken for pathological examination.
收到的樣本,是帶有膨脹團塊並且表面散佈著白至黃色結節的脾臟。
團塊的部分呈現一般深紅色組織,並分佈著白色病灶。取代表性樣本用於病理檢查。
病理組織結果
The mass are composed of proliferating polygonal,
spindloid to bizarre cells arranged in a solid pattern with formations of multiple small,
erythrocyte-containing cavities.
In some regions, irregularly sized and shaped vascular clefts and channels
with varying amounts of blood and/or thrombi are noted.
The proliferating spindloid cells have a sparse to moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm,
and a variably sized and shaped nucleus with stippled chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli.
Mitotic figures are occasionally observed.
Large necrotic and hemorrhagic areas are also noted.
Multifocally, the capsule of the spleen is irregularly thickened due to
proliferation of fibrous connective tissue with deposit of yellow and black pigments
(hemosiderins and calcium salts).
病理組織結果這段內容實在太學術了,我就不寫中文,避免翻得不好造成誤會。
這段主要是在講從團塊的樣本中所看到的細胞特徵,重點會放在
整體分化、核多形性、有絲分裂指數、壞死範圍等方向,
因為腫瘤的分級必須根據腫瘤行為與組織學判定。
血管肉瘤共分3級,分級標準是來自Ogilvie等人在1996發表的paper
Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02085.x/abstract
http://www.kgh.com.tw/health/15-107.html
https://read01.com/R57DEe.html
http://www.tcos.org.tw/p4_v.asp?knid=8
在許多腫瘤中,分級可能會與存活、無疾病時間、轉移率或復發等相關,也就是有預後的參考價值。
但必須要知道,不是所有的腫瘤都已建立分級系統;
又,分級只是參考,並不是絕對,不是分級I就一定能活的比分級III來得長。
病理診斷結果
Hemangiosarcoma, with siderotic plaques, spleen.
血管肉瘤,並有著血鐵素沉積斑塊
建議/意見
In the present case,
hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is diagnosed according to the cell morphology and arrangement.
Splenic HSA is a high-grade malignant tumor derived from vascular endothelial origin.
HSA accounts for approximately 50% of splenic tumor and has high metastatic rates
and life-threatening potential due to spontaneous rupture and massive bleeding.
The most common sites of metastases are liver, right atrium,
and brain via hematogenous routes.
According to a previous study, the present splenic HSA
could be categorized into grade II (J Vet Intern Med 10:379-84, 1996).
Considering the aggressive biological behavior of splenic HSA,
close follow-up is recommended.
本例根據細胞形態和排列,診斷為血管肉瘤(HSA)。
脾臟HSA是一種血管內皮細胞來源的高度惡性腫瘤。脾臟腫瘤約有50%是HSA,
由於HSA容易破,破了會大量失血,以及它具有高轉移的特性,是對生命很有威脅的腫瘤。
最常轉移的部位是肝臟、右心房、brain via hematogenous routes(大腦血行路線???)
(但我看的資料則說最常轉移的通常是肝臟、網膜、肺臟、右心房、腸繫膜,
跟病理報告說的有一點點差異)
根據1996那篇paper的分級標準,本例屬於II級。
由於HSA的高度侵略性,之後需要密集追蹤(是否轉移或復發)
我們以為噴噴已經是很早發現的,但從病理報告看起來並不像我們以為的那麼樂觀。
病理分級II,而TNM分期(Tumor-Node-Metastasis):T1, N0, M0,綜合起來也是II期。
噴沒有任何臨床症狀,血檢也完全正常,可是病程卻已經發展到II階,驗證了這段話
HSA has a silent evolution for a quite long time, and is accompanied
by non-specific clinical signs. (Finotello et al., 2016)
疾病的發生與發現都非常靠運氣,健檢雖然不一定能在最好的時機就抓到疾病,
但如果都不做健檢,那麼真的要非常非常拉奇才會永保安康。
健檢並不是抽抽血看了數字沒事就好,超音波與X光也是必要資訊來源,
只是,這樣的觀念似乎還沒有推廣成功,還是很多飼主以為「我有血檢了啊」就是一切ok。
噴不幸地遇上非常惡性的腫瘤,但也幸運地在健檢中發現不對,
於是我們還有可以努力的時間。
下一篇將整理不同醫院做腫瘤諮詢的過程。噴目前一切都好,勿掛念。謝謝大家。
歷史上的今天
- POPO的根管治療 - 2009
- 昨日的情書 - 2008
- 我們的家~(5)交屋 - 2008
- 張信哲 - 2006